![]() ![]() Many indications exist that necessitate the insertion of a nasogastric tube. The gastric outlet opens and closes via the pyloric sphincter. The pylorus is the furthest portion of the stomach, connecting it to the duodenum, where gastric contents exit. ![]() The fundus is the area of the stomach that is closest to the diaphragm anatomically. The left and highest portion of the stomach is known as the fundus. Just beyond the gastroesophageal opening is the cardia region of the stomach. Once passed through this sphincter, the tube has reached the stomach. At the distal end of the esophagus, the practitioner encounters the gastroesophageal sphincter. The pharynx, comprised of all three regions, runs approximately 12 to 14 cm in length: from the base of the skull to the start of the esophagus. From the mid epiglottis to the inferior aspect of the cricoid process is the laryngopharynx. ![]() The oropharynx runs from the uvula to the mid epiglottis. The nasopharynx connects to the oropharynx. This area is approximately 5 to 7 cm posterior to the nares, and it ultimately connects to the nasopharynx posteriorly. On either side of the concha are the nasal sinuses. Beyond the vestibule, the tube has reached the concha. The nasal septum, comprised of cartilage, separates the two sides. Once the tube enters the nose, it progresses into the anterior nasal vestibule. Insertion begins at the nares, the outermost part of the nose, also referred to as the nostrils. To fully understand the nasogastric tube placement, it is best to understand the human anatomy that the practitioner traverses during the procedure. ![]()
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